Sources

Direct documentary sources. No interpretive commentary is added.

Terminology Anchor

ISO 8373:2021 — Robotics — Vocabulary

International robotics vocabulary standard defining fundamental terminology used across robotics systems, safety standards, and regulatory frameworks.

https://www.iso.org/standard/75539.html

Collaborative Robotics Safety Framework

ISO/TS 15066 — Robots and Robotic Devices — Collaborative Robots

Technical specification defining safety requirements and operational conditions for collaborative robot systems operating in shared human–robot environments.

https://www.iso.org/standard/62996.html

Robot System Safety Context

ISO 10218-1 — Robotics — Safety Requirements — Part 1: Industrial Robots

International safety framework defining requirements for industrial robotic systems forming the baseline safety architecture referenced by collaborative robot specifications.

https://www.iso.org/standard/73933.html

ISO 10218-2 — Robotics — Safety Requirements — Part 2: Robot Applications and Robot Cells

Integration and operational safety requirements governing robotic system deployment within shared operational environments.

https://www.iso.org/standard/73934.html

Measurement and Evaluation of Human–Robot Collaboration

NIST — Characterizing Task-Based Human–Robot Collaboration Safety in Manufacturing

Research framework for evaluating safety characteristics and interaction dynamics in human–robot collaborative environments.

https://www.nist.gov/publications/characterizing-task-based-human-robot-collaboration-safety-manufacturing

Human–Robot Interaction Foundations

Dautenhahn — Socially Intelligent Robots: Dimensions of Human–Robot Interaction

Foundational academic work describing interaction models and cooperation dynamics between humans and socially interactive robotic systems.

https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.2004

Goodrich & Schultz — Human–Robot Interaction: A Survey

Comprehensive survey of human–robot interaction research covering interaction paradigms, control models, autonomy levels, and collaborative task structures.

https://www.emerald.com/fthci/article-abstract/1/3/203/1321642/Human-Robot-Interaction-A-Survey

Source Use Boundary

  • Sources anchor terminology, safety frameworks, interaction models, and measurement approaches relevant to collaborative robotics.
  • No jurisdictional preference is implied.
  • No operational guidance, engineering instructions, or compliance conclusions are provided.
  • No recommendations, predictions, or decision-support positioning are made.